ABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência de ingestão de açúcares de adição dentro do limite máximo de 5% da energia total da dieta, segundo variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, de comportamentos relacionados à saúde e estado nutricional, em adolescentes. Trata-se de estudo transversal de base populacional, com amostra por conglomerados e em dois estágios. A quantidade de açúcar livre da dieta foi estimada por meio do Recordatório de 24 horas. Dos 924 adolescentes avaliados, apenas 20,1% (IC95%: 16,8-23,9) se enquadraram na recomendação de não exceder 5% das calorias totais com açúcares de adição. Maiores prevalências de atendimento à recomendação foram verificadas no sexo masculino (22,0%), nos adolescentes de 15-19 anos (24,3%), nos não naturais do estado de São Paulo (30,4%), nos que tinham menor tempo de tela (27,5%), nos que possuíam menor número de equipamentos domésticos (0-7: 29,5%; 8-15: 20,3%) e naqueles com escores superiores de qualidade da dieta (tercil 2: 17,7%, tercil 3: 37,2%). Os resultados apontam os fatores associados ao consumo de açúcares de adição numa perspectiva epidemiológica, revelando uma simultaneidade de comportamentos inadequados, ou seja, os adolescentes que ingerem mais açúcares também apresentam maior tempo de tela e pior qualidade global da dieta.
Abstract The aim of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of added sugar intake within the maximum limit of 5% of the total energy of the diet and test associations with demographic/socioeconomic characteristics, health-related behaviors and nutritional status in adolescents. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with two-stage cluster sampling. The amount of free sugar in the diet was estimated using a 24-hour dietary recall. Among the 924 adolescents evaluated, only 20.1% (95% CI: 16.8-23.9) met the recommendation of not exceeding 5% of total calories with added sugar. Higher prevalence rates of adherence to the recommendation were found among males (22.0%), adolescents aged 15 to 19 years (24.3%), those born outside the state of São Paulo (30.4%), those with less screen time (27.5%), those with a lower number of household appliances (0-7: 29.5%; 8-15: 20.3%) and those with higher diet quality scores (2nd tertile: 17.7%; 3rd tertile: 37.2%). The findings demonstrate factors associated with added sugar intake from an epidemiological perspective, revealing the simultaneity of inappropriate behaviors, that is, the adolescents who consume more sugar also have longer screen time and worse overall diet quality.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Young Adult , Sweetening Agents/administration & dosage , Energy Intake , Dietary Sugars/administration & dosage , Confidence Intervals , Nutritional Status , Cross-Sectional Studies , Life StyleABSTRACT
Resumen Objetivo : El objetivo del estudio fue analizar el consumo de azúcares añadidos por la población urbana costarricense y los factores asociados a este. Método: Estudio transversal donde se analizan los datos de 798 participantes del Estudio ELANS-Costa Rica, que constituyen una muestra representativa de la población urbana costarricense, (con edades entre 15 y 65 años). Para conocer el consumo de azúcares añadidos, se realizan dos recordatorios de 24 horas, en días no consecutivos. Se recolectan variables sociodemográficas, cantidad, lugar y momento del consumo. Resultados: El consumo de azúcares añadidos representa el 14,7% de la energía consumida por la población urbana costarricense, siendo este porcentaje mayor en las mujeres y en las personas más jóvenes. La mayor cantidad de azúcares añadidos se consume en el hogar y durante las meriendas. Las bebidas azucaradas constituyen la principal fuente de azúcares añadidos en la dieta costarricense, y las bebidas gaseosas son la fuente más importante en el quintil de mayor consumo. Conclusión: La ingesta de energía obtenida de los azúcares añadidos supera la recomendación máxima establecida por la Organización Mundial de la Salud, por lo tanto, es necesario establecer políticas públicas dirigidas a reducir su consumo y a la modificación de conductas asociadas a la preparación e ingesta de alimentos fuente de azúcares añadidos.
Abstract Aim: High consumption of added sugars has been associated with a greater risk of chronic diseases, appearance of caries and weight gain, which implies a lower quality of life for the population and an increase in costs for the health system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intake of added sugar and its related factors in urban Costa Rican population. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a representative sample of the Costa Rican urban population (798 participants aged between 15 and 65 years). To determine the consumption of added sugars, two 24 hours recalls were conducted, in non-consecutive days. Sociodemographic variables, quantity of food consumed, place and time of consumption were collected. Results: The consumption of added sugars represents 14.7% of total energy intake for the Costa Rican urban population. This consumption is higher among women and younger people. The greater amount of added sugars was consumed in the home and during snacks. Sugar-sweetened beverages were the main source of this added sugar in the Costa Rican diet and soft drinks were the most important source in the highest consumption quintile. Conclusions: The intake of energy obtained from the added sugars exceeds the máximum recommendation established by the World Health Organization, therefore it is necessary to establish public policies aimed at reducing consumption and modifying behaviors associated with the preparation and intake of food source of added sugars.